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(詳細はDemographics of sexual orientationを参照) Reliable data as to the size of the gay and lesbian population is of value in informing public policy.〔"Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian Population in the United States: Evidence from Available Systematic Data Sources", Dan Black, Gary Gates, Seth Sanders, Lowell Taylor, Demography, Vol. 37, No. 2 (May, 2000), pp. 139–154 (available on JSTOR).〕 For example, demographics would help in calculating the costs and benefits of domestic partnership benefits, of the impact of legalizing gay adoption, and of the impact of the U.S. military's Don't ask, don't tell policy.〔 Further, knowledge of the size of the "gay and lesbian population holds promise for helping social scientists understand a wide array of important questions—questions about the general nature of labor market choices, accumulation of human capital, specialization within households, discrimination, and decisions about geographic location."〔 Measuring the prevalence of homosexuality may present difficulties.〔LeVay, Simon (1996). ''Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality.'' Cambridge: The MIT Press ISBN 0-262-12199-9〕 The research must measure some characteristic that may or may not be defining of sexual orientation. The class of people with same-sex desires may be larger than the class of people who act on those desires, which in turn may be larger than the class of people who self-identify as gay/lesbian/bisexual.〔 In 1948 and 1953, Alfred Kinsey reported that nearly 46% of the male subjects had "reacted" sexually to persons of both sexes in the course of their adult lives, and 37% had had at least one homosexual experience.〔Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, p. 656〕 Kinsey's methodology was criticized.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.swlearning.com/quant/kohler/stat/biographical_sketches/bio15.1.html ) John Tukey criticizes sample procedure〕 A later study tried to eliminate the sample bias, but still reached similar conclusions.〔 Martin Duberman on Gebhart's "cleaning" of data〕 Estimates of the occurrence of exclusive homosexuality range from one to twenty percent of the population, usually finding there are slightly more gay men than lesbians.〔Bogaert, A. F. (2004). The prevalence of male homosexuality: The effect of fraternal birth order and variation in family size. ''Journal of Theoretical Biology, 230,'' 33–37. ()〕〔Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). ''The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press.〕〔Wellings, K., Field, J., Johnson, A., & Wadsworth, J. (1994). ''Sexual behavior in Britain: The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles.'' London, UK: Penguin Books.〕〔(Norway world leader in casual sex, Aftenposten )〕〔(Sex uncovered poll: Homosexuality, Guardian )〕〔McConaghy et al., 2006〕〔S. Hite, The Hite Report on Male Sexuality, New York, A. Knopf, 1991.〕〔S. S. et C. L. Janus, The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.〕〔Alfred C. Kinsey, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', 1948, ISBN 0-7216-5445-2(o.p.), ISBN 0-253-33412-8(reprint).〕 Estimates of the frequency of homosexual activity also vary from one country to another. A 1992 study reported that 6.1% of males in Britain had had a homosexual experience, while in France the number was 4.1%.〔TERESA L. WAITE, December 8, 1992 "Sexual Behavior Levels Compared in Studies In Britain and France" in the ''New York Times''()〕 According to a 2003 survey, 12% of Norwegians have had homosexual sex.〔 In New Zealand, a 2006 study suggested that 20% of the population anonymously reported some homosexual feelings, few of them identifying as homosexual. Percentage of persons identifying homosexual was 2–3%.〔 According to a 2008 poll, while only 6% of Britons define their sexual orientation as homosexual or bisexual, more than twice that number (13%) of Britons have had some form of sexual contact with someone of the same sex.〔 In the United States, according to exit polling on 2008 Election Day for the 2008 Presidential elections, 4% of electorate self-identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, the same percentage as in 2004.” An estimated 34,000 homosexuals who are in a relationship are employed by the federal government.〔("New benefits for partners - gay and straight" ), Stephen Losey. Federal Times. June 20, 2010. Accessed June 13, 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Homosexuality in society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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